Saturday, February 2, 2013

Twitter says hackers compromise 250K accounts

FILE - In this Sept. 14, 2010 file photo, Twitter CEO Evan Williams makes a presentation about changes to the social network at Twitter headquarters in San Francisco, In the latest online attack, Twitter says hackers may have gained access to information on 250,000 of its more than 200 million active users, Friday, Feb. 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 14, 2010 file photo, Twitter CEO Evan Williams makes a presentation about changes to the social network at Twitter headquarters in San Francisco, In the latest online attack, Twitter says hackers may have gained access to information on 250,000 of its more than 200 million active users, Friday, Feb. 1, 2013. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez, File)

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) ? Twitter confirmed Friday that it had become the latest victim in a number of high-profile cyber-attacks against media companies, saying that hackers may have gained access to information on 250,000 of its more than 200 million active users.

The social media giant said in a blog posting that earlier this week it detected attempts to gain access to its user data. It shut down one attack moments after it was detected.

But it discovered that the attackers may have stolen user names, email addresses and encrypted passwords belonging to 250,000 users. Twitter reset the pilfered passwords and sent emails advising affected users.

The online attack comes on the heels of recent hacks into the computer systems of U.S. media and technology companies, including The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. Both American newspapers reported this week that their computer systems had been infiltrated by China-based hackers, likely to monitor media coverage the Chinese government deems important.

China has been accused of mounting a widespread, aggressive cyber-spying campaign for several years, trying to steal classified information and corporate secrets and to intimidate critics. The Chinese foreign ministry could not be reached for comment Saturday, but the Chinese government has said those accusations are baseless and that China itself is a victim of cyber-attacks.

"Chinese law forbids hacking and any other actions that damage Internet security," the Chinese Defense Ministry recently said. "The Chinese military has never supported any hacking activities."

Although Bob Lord, Twitter's director of information security said in the blog that the attack "was not the work of amateurs, and we do not believe it was an isolated incident."

"The attackers were extremely sophisticated, and we believe other companies and organizations have also been recently similarly attacked," Lord said. "For that reason we felt that it was important to publicize this attack while we still gather information, and we are helping government and federal law enforcement in their effort to find and prosecute these attackers to make the Internet safer for all users."

One expert said that the Twitter hack probably happened after an employee's home or work computer was compromised through vulnerabilities in Java, a commonly used computing language whose weaknesses have been well publicized.

Ashkan Soltani, an independent privacy and security researcher, said such a move would give attackers "a toehold" in Twitter's internal network, potentially allowing them either to sniff out user information as it traveled across the company's system or break into specific areas, such as the authentication servers that process users' passwords.

In a telephone interview Friday, Soltani said that the relatively small number of users affected suggested either that attackers weren't on the network long or that they were only able to compromise a subset of the company's servers.

Twitter is generally used to broadcast messages to the public, so the hacking might not immediately have yielded any important secrets. But the stolen credentials could be used to eavesdrop on private messages or track which Internet address a user is posting from.

That might be useful, for example, for an authoritarian regime trying to keep tabs on a journalist's movements.

"More realistically, someone could use that as an entry point into another service," Soltani said, noting that since few people bother using different passwords for different services, a password stolen from Twitter might be just as handy for reading a journalist's emails.

___

AP reporters Raphael Satter in London and Didi Tang in Beijing contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-02-02-Twitter%20Hack/id-924a43ba4ff3484b98b6725b9fb0428a

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Friday, February 1, 2013

A possible answer for protection against chemical/biological agents, fuel leaks, and coffee stains

Jan. 31, 2013 ? A recent discovery funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) may very well lead to a process that not only benefits every uniformed service member of the Department of Defense, but everyone else as well: protection from Chemical/Biological agents, to self-cleaning apparel, to effortless thermal management, to fuel purification as well as enhanced control of leaks -- especially oil and fuels.

In 2006, AFOSR Program Manager Dr. Charles Lee funded Professor Gareth McKinley at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology exploring nanocomposite technology for Defense applications. Anish Tuteja, an MIT doctoral student at the time, was exploiting the unusual surface properties of a nanocomposite with fluorinated nanoparticles, to create a superoleophobic surface. After graduation, Tuteja moved to University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he is currently an assistant professor of materials science and engineering, specializing in chemical engineering and macromolecular science and engineering. He was awarded a Young Investigator Program grant from AFOSR in 2011, and continued to conduct the same line of research begun at MIT. His team also included doctoral student Shuaijun Pan and postdoctoral researcher Arun Kota, as well as collaboration with Dr. Joseph Mabry, from the Rocket Propulsion Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory, at Edwards AFB, California.

In their latest paper, "Superomniphobic Surfaces for Effective Chemical Shielding," in the current issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Tuteja and his team have demonstrated surfaces that effectively perform as "chemical shields against virtually all liquids."

To make this possible, surfaces are prepared using a nanoscale coating that is approximately 95 percent air, which in turn, repels liquids of any material in its class, causing them to literally bounce off the treated surface. The surfaces "possess hierarchical scales of re-entrant texture that significantly reduce the solid?liquid contact area." It all comes down to controlling how much contact the liquid ultimately has with the treated surface. To accomplish that the researchers apply the nanoscale coating using a process called electrospinning -- using an electric charge to create fine particles of solid derived from a liquid solution.

The coating is a mixture of cross-linked "polydimethylsiloxane," or PDMS, and liquid-resisting nanoscale cubes developed by the Air Force that contain carbon, fluorine, silicon and oxygen. While the material's chemistry is important, so is its texture, because it hugs the pore structure of whatever surface it is applied to, and creates a fine web of air pockets within those pores, so any liquid that comes in contact with the coating is barely touching a solid surface.

According to Dr. Tuteja, when an untreated surface and a liquid get in close proximity, "they imbue a small positive or negative charge on each other, and as soon as the liquid comes in contact with the solid surface, it will start to spread?.we've drastically reduced the interaction between the surface and the droplet." By effectively eliminating the contact between the treated surface and the liquid, there is almost no incentive for the liquid to spread, as such, the droplets stay intact, interacting only with molecules of themselves, and maintaining their spherical shape.

The research team has tested more than 100 liquids and found only two that were able to penetrate the coating: they were both chlorofluorocarbons -- chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. In Tuteja's lab demonstrations the surface repelled coffee, soy sauce and vegetable oil, as well as toxic hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, and the surfaces are also resistant to gasoline and various alcohols.

This program is of particular interest to the Air Force and the Department of Defense, as it can be useful for self-cleaning surfaces (in particular, integral breathable protective Chemical/Biological Warfare defense in uniform clothing and sensor systems), improvement of thermal management efficiency in phase change cooling systems, fuel purification and the control of oil and fuel leakages in rockets and airplanes. Not to mention, protection against the everyday coffee spill.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Shuaijun Pan, Arun K. Kota, Joseph M. Mabry, Anish Tuteja. Superomniphobic Surfaces for Effective Chemical Shielding. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013; 135 (2): 578 DOI: 10.1021/ja310517s

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/vOmLJVxSDYI/130131120904.htm

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casca news: CFP AAAs: "Towards An Anthropology of Divorce ...

CFP AAAs: "Towards An Anthropology of Divorce" Abstracts due 2/21

Session Title: Towards AnAnthropology of "Divorce"

Organizer: Melanie Angel Medeiros, University of Arizona
Discussant: Linda-Anne Rebhun, University of California - Merced

Please submit abstracts to Melanie at melanie2@email.arizona.edu by Feb 21st.

Anthropologistsare witnesses to the global transformation of marriage,
thealliance-forming institution our predecessors argued is at
thefoundation of all
societies. The study ofmarriage is central to anthropological studies of
kinship and
gender,and more recently studies of globalization, modernization
andromantic love.
However, divorce, a topic commonly studied byscholars in the fields of
sociology,
psychology, family studies andwomen and gender studies, has been relatively
neglected by the fieldof anthropology. As global legal divorce rates
continue to
rise andanthropologists observe increases in marital dissatisfaction due
tomodernization, globalization and the rise of romantic love andcompanionate
marriage, anthropological studies that analyze thefactors leading to and the
perceptions and experiences of the failureof marital relationships make an
important
contribution toanthropological theories of sociocultural and economic change,
love,intimacy, marriage, and kinship. Anthropologists have demonstrated
how across
cultures "marriage"as a category encompasses diverse relationships. Thus,
to
understandthe experiences and perceptions of marital failure across
culturesthe
anthropological study of "divorce" must also include thefailure or end of
marital
unions (including legal marriage, unions made through ritual or
ceremony,hetero-normative, homosexual and transgender domestic
partnerships,non-cohabitating conjugal couples, etc.). It should also include
adiscussion as to what constitutes marital failure, whether it belegal
divorce,
separation, individuals cohabitating but living separate lives, etc.
This session will highlight the anthropological contribution toscholarship on
"divorce," demonstrating the value of theoreticaland ethnographic
perspectives on
marriage and marital failure. Thissession will challenge reductionist
definitions of
"marriage" and"divorce," to include studies of diverse types of
maritalrelationships
and their failure. Paper topics may include, but arenot limited to:

The impact of sociocultural and socioeconomic change on notions of
romantic love and
companionate marriage, and how these changes relate to marital
failure.
Gender roles, marriage and marital failure
An analysis of the failure of conjugal relationships within the
context of parenting
and kinship relationships; both how children and kin impact marital
relations and
the effect of the failure of a marital relationship on parent-child
and kin
relations.
The relationship between marital failure and health and well-being,
including but
not limited to the perceived and/or actual impact of marital failure on
sexual and
reproductive decision-making and health, individual health and well-being, or
household health.

Preference will be given to papers that engage ethnographic data to
illuminate the
anthropological contribution tothe study of "divorce."

Melanie Angel Medeiros, MA
PhD Candidate
School of Anthropology
University of Arizona

Source: http://casca-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/cfp-aaas-towards-anthropology-of.html

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?Greece offers a cautionary tale?: Fraser Institute likens Ontario to economic basket-cases as province?s debt climbs

As a new Ontario premier prepares to take office and a finance minister plans to leave his, a new report says the challenges presented by the province?s swollen debt have not been sufficiently addressed ? and compares the situation unfavourably to such economic basket-cases as California and Greece.

The 66-page paper from the Fraser Institute, a fiscally conservative think-tank, also argues that under ?status quo? policies the province?s debt as a share of its gross domestic product will almost double by the end of the decade. The authors of ?The State of Ontario?s Indebtedness: Warning Signs to Act? note that the Liberal government?s own commission on public service reform, which produced the Drummond Report, ?should have been a wake-up call ? regarding the immediate need for reform of the province?s spending.?

Instead, they write in the report that will be released on Thursday, ?the government has chosen to simply slow the rate of growth in spending over the next few years without any serious reform.?

Finance Minister Dwight Duncan, who has said he will not seek re-election and is expected to resign his Windsor MPP seat sometime in the next few weeks, gave bookend speeches at the start and end of the Liberal leadership race won by Kathleen Wynne that warned the slate of candidates of the difficult economic picture facing the province. Even as he touted in a speech last week that Ontario?s 2012-13 deficit is now forecasted to be $11.9-billion, about $3-billion lower than expected in last spring?s budget, Mr. Duncan said Ontario will have to double its current rate of spending cuts if it is to curb the deficit by 2017-18.

But the Finance Minister also said the Liberals have avoided more drastic measures taken in states like Michigan and California, which have fired public-sector workers by the thousands while dealing with their own budget woes.

The Fraser Institute report, however, argues that from a debt perspective California is in much better shape than Ontario. It says the province ?is in a worse position than California on every measure of indebtedness.? Using 2010-11 figures for bonded debt, the report says Ontario had almost $240-billion compared with $144-billion for California, even though the latter has a much larger economy and population. Once the population is factored in, California?s per capita bonded debt of $3,833 is about a fifth of Ontario?s ($17,922).

?For those Ontarians who look at California in puzzlement over its inability to solve its deficit and debt challenges, [we] strongly encourage them to look inward at the severity of their own indebtedness,? the authors note.

Officials in the provincial Finance Ministry, however, disputed the comparison.

?You can?t compare Ontario to California,? said Aly Vitunski, spokeswoman for the Finance Minister. ?While they?re facing mass layoffs, we?re freezing wages so we can save Ontario jobs. We?re also undertaking fundamental pension reform to ensure sustainable pensions for Ontarians, while California has been crippled under the weight of the cost of public-sector pensions.?

California, like many U.S. states, also has a constitutional requirement that demands a balanced budget, so it is unable to accumulate debt in the manner that a Canadian province can.

For the comparison with Greece, the report says that country?s net debt-to-GDP ratio was 37% in 1984, ?exactly where Ontario?s [ratio] stands today.? Greece, one of the European countries most battered by the global recession, now has a debt-to-GDP ratio of a remarkable 163%. The report argues that if Ontario continues with policies that only serve to slow the rate of spending growth, ?Greece offers a cautionary tale.?

National Post

sstinson@nationalpost.com

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/NP_Top_Stories/~3/Fp8cYk5MF4Q/

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Boeing focuses on 787 fix; 4Q profit tops estimate

FILE - In this Friday, Jan. 18, 2013 file photo, an All Nippon Airways' Boeing 787 "the Dreamliner" parks on the tarmac as a Japan Airlines' Boeing 767 airplane takes off at Haneda Airport in Tokyo. ANA and JAL said they replaced lithium-ion batteries in their Boeing 787 Dreamliners on multiple occasions before a battery overheating incident led to the worldwide grounding of the jets. ANA said Wednesday, Jan. 30, it replaced batteries on its 787 aircraft some 10 times because they failed to charge properly or showed other problems, and informed Boeing about the swaps. JAL said it had also replaced lithium-ion batteries on its 787 jets but couldn't immediately give details. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara, File)

FILE - In this Friday, Jan. 18, 2013 file photo, an All Nippon Airways' Boeing 787 "the Dreamliner" parks on the tarmac as a Japan Airlines' Boeing 767 airplane takes off at Haneda Airport in Tokyo. ANA and JAL said they replaced lithium-ion batteries in their Boeing 787 Dreamliners on multiple occasions before a battery overheating incident led to the worldwide grounding of the jets. ANA said Wednesday, Jan. 30, it replaced batteries on its 787 aircraft some 10 times because they failed to charge properly or showed other problems, and informed Boeing about the swaps. JAL said it had also replaced lithium-ion batteries on its 787 jets but couldn't immediately give details. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara, File)

Boeing Co. said Wednesday that its top priority this year is fixing the battery problems that grounded its 787.

The company made the pledge while reporting a fourth-quarter profit that topped Wall Street estimates, as rising profits from commercial jets offset a smaller profit from defense work.

The 50 787s in service were grounded two weeks ago by global aviation regulators following two incidents involving the plane's lithium-ion batteries, including a fire on a plane parked in Boston. On Wednesday, Jim McNerney, Boeing's chief executive, said the company believes "good progress is being made" in narrowing down the possible causes. Still, Boeing is not making any predictions about how long the grounding will last and federal officials have said the investigation of the battery problems is still in the early stages.

Earlier, U.S. aviation officials said they have asked Boeing for a full operating history of the batteries on the 787s. Japan's All Nippon Airways confirmed that it had replaced batteries on its 787 aircraft 10 times because they didn't charge properly or connections with electrical systems failed. Japan Airlines also said it had replaced 787 batteries. Between them, the two airlines operate 24 787s.

In a statement, Boeing said that it has not "seen 787 battery replacements occurring as a result of safety concerns."

Boeing is still building 787s even though deliveries are halted. It still aims to deliver at least 60 of the planes this year, and it's on track to speed up production from five per month now to 10 per month by the end of the year, McNerney said on a conference call.

Boeing said it expects to deliver 635 to 645 commercial jets this year. That's up from 601 deliveries in 2012, when Boeing delivered 46 787s and topped European rival Airbus for the first time since 2003. Airbus expects to deliver more than 600 planes this year.

Boeing earned $978 million in the latest quarter, or $1.28 per share. That was down 30 percent from a profit of $1.39 billion, or $1.84 per share, a year earlier, which included a big tax benefit of 52 cents per share.

The profit topped the $1.19 per share expected by analysts surveyed by FactSet.

Revenue rose 14 percent to $22.3 billion, matching analyst estimates.

Boeing Co. predicted 2013 earnings of $5 to $5.20 per share, with revenue of $82 billion to $85 billion. The outlook assumes "no significant financial impact" from the 787 being out of service.

Analysts had been expecting a 2013 profit of $5.17 per share on revenue of $88.13 billion.

For all of 2012, net income fell 3 percent to $3.9 billion, or $5.11 per share. Revenue rose 19 percent to $81.7 billion.

Last year's deliveries of its new 787 as well as its revamped 747-8 brought in cash ? the 787 lists for more than $200 million each ? but they actually hurt profits because the planes cost more to build than what Boeing collects. Profit margins for commercial planes shrank slightly, even as revenue rose 32 percent to $14.16 billion in the fourth quarter, and profits rose 29 percent to $1.27 billion.

Boeing is also faced with a slowdown in its defense business. Defense profits fell 13 percent to $751 million in the fourth quarter. Defense revenue fell 2 percent to $8.34 billion.

Shares of Chicago-based Boeing Co. rose 82 cents to $74.47 in morning trading. They've dropped about 4 percent since the battery fire on the plane in Boston.

The 787 is the first airliner to make wide use of lithium-ion batteries. They are prone to overheating and require additional safeguards to prevent fires.

Boeing said Wednesday that replacing batteries on a plane is not uncommon. It said batteries on the 787s are being returned because of safety mechanisms that make sure that batteries can't be used if they have been deeply-discharged or improperly disconnected.

Some batteries have also been returned because they exceeded their shelf life, the company said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-01-30-US-Earns-Boeing/id-19f8350555164f3e80b5d7d56499e88a

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